Weft replenishing loom operating with two shuttles



R. s. TURNER 2,609,844

WEFT REPLENISHING LOOM OPERATING WITH TWO SHUTTLES Sept. 9, 1952 4Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 20, 1948 l N V E NTOR RICHARD 6. TURNf/i ATTOR N E Y WEFT REPLENISHING LOOM OPERATING WITH TWO SHUTTLEIS Filed March20, 1948 R. G. TURNER Sept. 9, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG IN V E N TO RRICHARD 6. TURNER ATTORNEY 8 3 4 -|'.ln 8 mm fi l J m m w 5 rll-QI. 5 69 J h www 9 9| w 8 WEFT REPLENISHING LOOM OPERATING WITH TWO SHUTTLESFiled March 20, 1948' R. G. TURNER Sept. 9, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIGJO67 www 7 8 M on E W O U E sm m O m E 6. m 5% & W w T 4 1 A A H M R M a ll 7 A 4 mvOfivo0o/o-\m GOOG 0 00 MW 0 m0 0 o o 0 m 0mi & r /mm w MPatented Sept. 9, .1952

. 'WEFTREP-IQENISHING LOOM OPERATING WITH'TWO SHUTTLES :Ric'hard(turner, Worcester, M assigncr t Grompton .& Knowles Loom Works,Worcester, Mass a corporation of Massachusetts Application March'20,1948, Serial No. 16,064

.19 Claims. (01. 139.-.-232,)

This invention relates to. improvements in bob- .bin changing looms:operating with .two shuttles which .nunpick and pick during part atleast of the time Litheloom is in operation.

.In certain fabrics .it isdesirable to have .single l picks iOf. :onetype .of weftiollowed by singlepicks of :aidifierent type. hsraisampleof snchua fabric mention may 'be.:made "of crepe which single pick of.arright hand :twist weftalternate with single picks :of .a left .hand:twist eweft. At the presenttime it isnecessary to producesuch fabricson non-automatic .lOOIIlS because no simple and efficient automatic loomis availablelfor weavi-ngtt'hem. .It .is the general purposecf the.pres- .ent invention .toprovide a bobbin changing loom 1 having atwo-stack magazine at one end thereof .for the replenishment .of twoshuttles. which can run pickia-nd pick.

.Iihe ishuttles :may mun pick .and .pick throughoutloornmperationpr:pick and pick weavingwmay be interruptedtoweave .atrband of several suc-.cessive= picks of :one typeof weft. Z'Fhisband may alternate either:with another ;.band .o'f ithB OthBI' type; of 'weit, or :withpick andpick weaving. The interruptionrof pick and pick weaving can occur.either between .replenishmentof one shuttle'and detectionxof weftin theother shuttle, or between indication .ofsexhausti'on Lby one shuttle andits replenishment. In :either event a delay of at least ztwo xpicks.will. occur betweenzindication and transfer. It is another object ofthe present-invention tovprovide. a weft detecting systemto in- 'dicateweftaexhaustion on a pick when'the empty shuttle is Einactive, .andreplenish i the shuttle on the :next :picksit is inactive whether or notthere has been .:an iinterruptioncof pick andpick weaving. Z'Iheindication will be -stored in a iholding contact, and a second: contactclosed at a 'later timetby "the pattern chain will complete a-cir-.cuit:;closure of which 1 causes replenishment.

iWhen "pickand pick looms-operate with but twoshuttlesandrweft detectionfor both of them occurat the same-side of :the-loom itis' found that-oneshuttle can give usable indications of weitexhaustion on evennum-beredpicks only of theeloom whilemhei other: shuttle can give usableindications on odd numbered picks only. In-order thatmthe =.replenishingoperation may be initiated or completed :on either i even *or oddnumbered picks of the 'Iloom .it is a further object of .the inventiontoaoperate those parts ofzthe loomassociatedawithr the: replenishingoperation by mechanism operating Lon one-pick time. In thedescriptionset forth hereinafter I show the wellknownz-Knowles headpattern mechanism for this purpose, but :Iido notwwish necess-arilyto belimited in :thepracticecf my. inventionito a head motion.

@In the .usualimulticolora bobbin cchanging loom the selector" whichdetermineszfrom whichLstack 1a bobbin :shall be transferred :moves intime with the shiitin lshuttle boxes at the .endof the .loom oppositethe. magazine. .In atwoeshuttle pickand pick .locm, however, these boxesshift at a time when ;it .is desirable to select the bobbin :to :betransferred and it is not feasible to control :the selector from 113116shuttle boxes, or the pattern .chainrolls or indicators which controlthe boxes. It is a still further object of the invention to utilize .a.part of the pattern mechanism independentcf the shuttle boxes and theirindicators toposition theselector.

.A 3100111 of :the type set forth herein may have either homeboxes :forthe two shuttles. at theend of the m opposite the magazine, or :the.shutthis may .each enter both .the top andthe bottom shuttle :boxes.,,In the firstcondition .itds .desirable to have a weft detector foreach. shuttle as shown in'the preferred form of the invention-set .iorthhereinafter, :but under these conditionsindication of weft exhaustioncould :be given .-.on successive picks if both shuttles were depletedoi(.wctt. .It .isaiurther object of the invention to nullify one of thesesuccessive indications of weft exhaustion 'duringpart of the loomcycleso that it will notiinterfere with the other indication, andnuliiiy;.the other indication during anotherrpart of the loom cycle sothat it cannotinterfere with said one indication. This nullificationcan1con-. veniently xbe .eif'ectedwby the chain. cont-r01 iorttheselector.

When the shuttles do not have home 'boxes it is possible tousea singledetector and manipulate the shuttlesin suchmanner that-firstoneshuttieenters the box correspondingto the weftedetector and then. the othershuttle, thereby permitting detection of both shuttles by one .ifeelermechanism. This typeofdetection isset-forth in :the first modification.of the invention.

With these and other objects in view which will appear as thedescriptionproceeds, my invention resides in the combination andarrangement. of parts. hereinafter described andsetforth.

In the accompanying drawings, where three forms of. the invention areset forth,

Fig. 1 is a frontelevation of a loom partly in section'having thepreferred form of the invention applied thereto,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged end elevation partly in sectionlooking in thedirection of arrow 2, Fig.1,

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of the vibrator lever means ofthehead mechanism which operate the shuttle boxes and certain partsofthe weft replenishing mechanism.

Fig. .415 a diagrammatic View showing the relative positions of theshuttles and the shuttle boxes for the preferred eightpick cycleofoperationuof the loom,

-Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view setting forth the I 3 electric circuitsused with the preferred form of the invention,

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a draft of the pattern chain used with thepreferred form of the invention,

Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail partly in section of the structure shown atthe lower right hand part of Fig. 2,

Fig. 8 is a detailed elevation looking in the direction of arrow 8, Fig.l,

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic View looking in the direction of arrow 9, Fig.3, and showing that part of the head mechanism which closes theaforesaid second contact of the detector circuit,

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but shows an eight-pick cycle forthe loom operating according to the first modified form of theinvention,

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic View showing the electric circuits for asingle weft detector as employed in the first modified form of theinvention,

Fig. 12 is a diagram of the draft of the pattern chain used with thecycle shown in Fig. 10,

and

Fig. 13 shows a draft of a pattern chain used with the secondmodification of the invention and also indicates the order of pickingthe shuttles when pick and pick weaving is interrupted by 7 plain bandsof successive similar picks.

Referring particularlyto Figs. 1 and 2, the loom frame If! supports alay ll driven by the top or crank shaft l2 of the loom whichreciprocates the lay once for each pick of the loom, A gear I3 securedto shaft l2 meshes with a second gear M of twice its size secured to thebottom shaft it": which rotates once in two picks of the loom. 1

Each end of the lay is provided with shifting shuttle boxes, the gangsof boxes at the right and left ends being designated, respectively, at

RG and LG. The gang RG is actually made with three cells only two ofwhich, however, are utilized by the shuttles. The top box or cell 16 isthe box in which replenishment occurs and immediately below it in Whatordinarily would be the second cell is a deflector or baffle ll whichdirects an ejected bobbin forwardly, or to the left as viewed in Fig. 2.The bottom box or cell It will be in active position when the top cellit is in high or transfer position.

The gang LG has top and bottom boxes or cells 2G and 2% associated withover and under electric feelers or weft detectors Fl and F2, re-

spectively, secured to the lay in such position that when gang LG is upa shuttle in top cell as will have its Weft detected by feeler Fl, butwhen the gang LG is down a shuttle in the bottom cell or box 2! willhave its weft detected by feeler F2, Picker sticks 22 are shown as partof the picking mechanism used in the loom, and these sticks willordinarily operate each pick of the loom so that any shuttle in activeposition will be picked.

The pattern chain controlled mechanism K is of the well-known Knowleshead type and comprises top and bottom mutilated gear cylinders 25 and25, respectively, which rotate continuously during loom operation in thedirection indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, each cylinder completing arotation each pick of the loom. The cylinders 25 and 25 may beconsidered the operating means for certain of the structure to bedescribed. The driving means for these cylinders is not shown, but theyrotate once for each pick of the loom to operate vibrator lever meanswhich 41- V will be described in more detail hereinafter. The headmechanism K is provided with a pattern chain C for determining thevertical positions of the vibrator levers. The chain is on one-pick timeand presents a new bar to controlling position over chain cylinder 23each pick of the loom.

Gang LG is supported by a box lifter rod 30 attached to a flexibleconnector 3 l such as a chain, trained over lay carried sheaves 32 andthen down around-a loom frame supported sheave 33, thence upwardly overa sheave 34 and around a stationary sheave 35 mounted as indicated inFig. 8 to a box lifter lever 38. The lower end of lever 35 moves about astationary pivot 31 and its upper end is attached to a vibratorconnector 38 pivoted to a vibrator gear 3:; rotatably mounted on avibrator lever it. The latter is-pivoted on .a heel pin il formed aspart of the mechanism K.

The pattern chain 0 has a row of high and low indicators 43 and M,respectively, as indicated in column HS of Fig. 6. These indicators 43and id alternatein the preferred form of the invention so. that vibratorlever to is up on one pick and down on the next, thereby causing thevibrator gear 39 to be turned first in one direction by one of themutilated cylinders 25-26 on one pick and then in the opposite directionby the other mutilated cylinder on the next pick. In this way the gangLG is shifted each pick of the loom so that first the top cell 20 andthen the bottom cell 2i is active.

The gang RG is mounted on the box lifter rod 5% connected to a flexiblechain 5! .trained over lay carried sheaves 52 and 53 and .then downaround a sheave 54 concentric with sheave 33 and thence up overa sheave55 concentric with sheave 34. .Both sheaves 34 and 55. rotate on astationary axis 56 supported by the head mechanism K. Chain 5| istrained around a sheave 51 rotatable on the lower end of a .box lifterlever 58 pivoted on fixed stud 59. 5| extends to the left, Fig. 1,'fromsheave 51 and is anchored at 60 to a stationary part or" the loom. Thisanchoring of chain 5| represents a departure from the usual constructionof mechanism K.

The upper end of lever 58 is pivoted to a vibrator connector 6| pivotedto a vibrator gear 62 mounted on a vibrator lever 63 which is over thehigh and low indicators 64 and 65, respectively, of the pattern chain,see column MD, Fig. 6.. This vibrator lever 63 and the sheave'51 controlthe vertical position of gang RG, and when sheave '51 is to the left ofaxis 59 as shown in Fig. 1 gang RG Will be down with box [6 active, butwhen vibrator gear, 62 is turned by cylinder 25 due to arrival of ahighroll indicator 64 under vibrator lever 63 sheave 5"! will move tothe right of the position shown in Fig. 1 and gang RG will move to itshigh position to make box or cell 18 active and place cell IS in high ortransfer position. I

The head mechanism K has only two vibrator levers assigned to theshuttle boxes, but when supplied'for pick and pick work this mechanismis. ordinarily provided with two additional vibrator levers and it isalso common practice where necessary to use stillotherlevers to beoperated by the chain 0. The replenishing mechanism about to bedescribed is either controlled or operated by these additional levers.

The. magazine M in back center position is provided with front and backstacks of reserve bobbins BI and 132, respectively, and is mounted forrocking movement about a stationary pivot Chain 5. l0,see Fig. 2 in amanner shown in my prior patent No. 2,128,974. The upper end of themagazine is connected to a rod II extending rearwardlyto a bell cranklever I2 pivoted on the loom asat I3. A selector I4 depends from lever-I2 and hasthelower end thereof provided witha hook I5 the back andforth position of'which is determined by a selector lever I6 movingabout a stationary axis II. The hook is slidable through lever I6 and aspring I8 normally tends to move the upper part of the se lector leverforwardly, or to the left as viewed in Fig. 2, tomove the hook I5 to itsfront position. Lever 16 can, however, be rocked in a clockwisedirection as viewed in Fig. 2 to move the hook I5 to its rear position.

The head mechanism K is provided with a third vibrator lever 80 for theselector carrying a vibrator gear 8I attached to a connector 82operatively connected to the upper end of a lever 83 pivoted at 59.Lever 83 is connected to a chain 84 or other similar flexible connectorwhich is guided over sheave 85 at the magazine end and extendsdownwardly and is attached to arm 86 of the selector lever I6. Vibratorlever 80 is controlled by high and low rolls 81 and 88, re spectively,of the pattern chain C appearing in vertical column I-ID, Fig. 6.

A fourth vibrator lever 95 in the head mechanism K is provided with avibrator gear 06 and a connector 01 attached to a lever 98 moving aboutaxis 31. Lever 98 is attached to a flexible connector or chain 99 whichis guided over sheaves I and IM at the magazine end of the loom and isconnected to the forward arm I02 of a magazine positioning or controllever I03 moving about a fixed pivot I04. A spring I05 normally tends tohold lever arm I02 in down position as shown in Fig. 2, but permitsupward movement thereof. An operating pin or actuator I06 is secured tothe rear arm I0'I of lever I03 and is provided for operation ordepression of hook I5 when the latter is registered with itonreplenishing beats of the loom.

An electric switch lever H0 is pivoted on the heel pin II and extendsover high and low rolls III and H2, respectively, of the pattern chain,see column SL, Fig. 6. Mounted on the head mechanism Kover lever II 0 isan electric switch II4 which is open when lever H0 is down but isclosedwhen the lever is raised by a high roll I I I. i The electriccircuit used with the preferred form of the invention is shown in Fig.5, wherein one of the detector prongs II5 of each of the feelers Fl andF2 is grounded as at IIG. Feeler FI is connected to contact III of aswitch H8, while the other feeler F2 is connected to a second contactII9 of switch H8. Switch IIB, omitted from Fig. l but supported by headK over vibrator'lever 80, see Fig. 3, is connected to an initiating coilI provided with an armature or holding contact I2I normally held down bya spring I22 out of engagement with a stationary contact I23. When thearmature is attracted by energization of the initiating coil I20 itengages the contact I23 and is held in engagement therewithupondeenergization of the initiating coil by a hook I24 normally held tothe left by a spring I25. Hook I24 is on an armature I26 of a. releasingcoil I21 normally deenergized.

Located over the normally down vibrator lever 95 and mounted on the headmechanism K is a solenoid I30 normally deenergized but effective whenenergized to lift vibrator lever 95. Low rolls or indicators I3I shownin vertical column MS of the pattern chain 6, Fig. 6, permitthe vibratorlever 95 to be or-dinarilyin low position. Asource of electric powerP,-which may be-a transformer, is in an energizing circuit including theholding contactand switch H4 in series and also the solenoid. 'When theholding "contact I2I is held up against contact l23 and switch H4 isclosed solenoid I30 will be energized. r a I The preferred form of theinvention operates in an eight-pick cycle indicated in Fig. 4,whereinthe positions of the shuttle boxes and shuttles for the eightpicks are designated *at I-VIII. The shuttle box positionsshown in Fig.4 are those existing when the lay is on top-center and picking is aboutto occur at the start of a one pick cycle. The horizontal rows I- VIIIof indicators in Fig. 6 are those which produce the correspondinglynumbered shuttle box positions I-V-III shown in Fig. 4. i l

In explaining the operation of the preferred form of the invention itwill be assumed that the two shuttles SI andSZ are both depleted of weftand have bobbins provided with metallic ferrules which are uncovered-upon exhaustion of weft to connect electrically the prongs of thecorresponding weft detector or feeler-when the shuttles-are in detectingposition. I

(3n the first piokof the sequence shown in-position I, the lay being ontop-center at the beginning of this firstpick, shuttle SI is-i-n cell 20of gangLG and the prongs 11-5 of -feeler FI will be electricallyconnected to cause feeler FI to indicate weft exhaustion. Shuttle S2 isin box cell I6 and i about tobe picked toward cell 2| of gang LG.Because of the'fact that a low roll "88 is under vibrator lever switch II8 will be in the full line position shown in Fig. 5 corresponding tofeeler FI, and selector lever I6 will place hook I5 under or in registerwith actuator pin I06. Indication of weft exhaustion by feeler FI willtherefore complete a circuit through the initiate ing coil I20andcontact I23 will be engaged by the armature or holding contact I2I. Onthis pick, however, switch I I4 is open due to the fact that a low rollI I2 is under switch lever I I0.

At the bottom center following position I shuttle S2 will be boxed incell 2I and gang LG will start to move down. Even though shuttle SImoves away from feeler FI, the holding contact I2I will remain closedbecause of the action of hook I24.

In position II shuttle SI is picked toward cell I6 of gang RG and at thebottom center following position II gang RG will start up and will be inhigh position so that box I6 will be in transfer position relatively tothe magazine M at the next back center position of the lay followingposition III.

7 In considering Figs. 4 and 6 it should beborne in mind that thehorizontal rows I-VIIIof Fig. 6 show the indicators which produce thecorrespondingly numbered shuttle and shuttle box positions I-VIII ofFig. 4. In order to produce '-these latter positions, however, the chainindicators must be in their indicating positions under their levers notlater than the preceding bottom center positions of the lay in order toallow the vibrator lever means to complete box shifting by top center.Also, a high roll I II will be moving up on cylinder 28 during thelatter part of the first pick just prior to position II, and will bemoving under lever I I0 not long after position II during the secondpick, as indicated by the dotted line circle la in column SL, Fig. 6, to

7 at back center.

trip pin I54 on arm lei behind pin IIIG.

lift lever IIII. High roll III will complete raising of lever III'I toclose switch II4 in time to energize solenoidl30 and lift vibrator lever95 so that at the next bottom center position, occurring in the secondpick, lever -95'will-startto move pin I06 due to action of top cylindergear 25 and when the shuttle boxes reach position III actuator pin willhave been moved down to depress hook I to rock magazine M to place thelowest bobbin BI in transfer position.

When pin I06 moves down, the forward arm I02 of lever I03 rises andlifts a rod I35 conlected thereto to raise a positioning member I36pivoted to I31 to elevate the transferrer latch I33 into the path of abunter I39 secured to and extending rearwardly from the lay. Theseoperations are completed with the lay moving rearwardly and in topcenter position III.

As the lay approaches back center the bunter I39 will engage the latchand-rock the transfer rer arm I IB to transfer the lowest bobbin BI intoshuttle SI and transfer will be completed bunter I39 will release thelatch I38 but arm Hi2 of lever I03 will still be up. Chain C willhowever move a low roll II2 under lever III] and the scent of rod I35will allow the transfer latch to fall to its normal non-transferposition, Fig. 2. The up movement of pin I06 occurring at this timeallows the magazine M to be returned to its normal position against stopMI by spring I42, and the magazine will be reset at position IV, Fig. 4.I

It is necessary to open the holding contact I2I to enable shuttle S2 tobe replenished during the second four pick sequence, and this isaccomplished by upward movement of arm It? of lever I93 as pin I66rises.

A normally open switch I58, see Fig. '7, is mounted on a stationarypart'of the loom and has an operating arm I 5! on which a trip fingerI52 is pivoted as at I53 to be in the path of a When the operating pinI56 has its workingor-down stroke as already described trip pin I55 willturn finger I52 on its pivot without moving arm I5I, see dotted linesFig. '7, but on the upward or return stroke of arm IB I pin I54 willengage finger I52 and lift arm I55 to close switch I56, see dot and dashlines, Fig. '7. p 7

Closure of switch I55 will energize releasing coil I21, as will beapparent from Fig. 5, and hook I24 will move from under holding contactI?! to permit the latter to be moved down to its open position by springI22. As arm Id? of lever ItS approaches its normal or high position itreleases finger I52 and switch I53 opens. circuits are now back to theirnormal or inactive condition. U

The reason for using the finger I52 on arm I 5i is to permit thesolenoid to be energized throughout the time vibrator gear 96 is beingturned by upper cylinder .of mechanism K. Releasing coil I21 couldprobably be energized at the end of the down or working stroke of pinI'Jt without much likelihood that gear 96 would start to fall before theWorking stroke is actually completed,

The electric As the lay moves forwardly but I prefer to open the holdingcircuit on the solenoid at a later time.

All the parts are now back to their normal position and the first'four-picksequence is completed. It will be noted that although shuttleS2 is detected by feeler F2 in position II, Fig. 4, this latter feelercannot indicate exhaustion because switch I It is out of engagement withcon tact 'I I9, and indication of weft exhaustion can therefore be givenby ieeler FI only during the first four-pick sequence.

' At the beginning of the second four-pick sequence, which starts withposition V, a high roll SI will raise vibrator lever 86 so that the topgear cylinder 2 5 will turn vibrator gear 8 Lin 2. counterclockwisedirection as ,viewed in Fig. 1 to move connector as to the left. Thisresults in rocking the selector lever It in a clockwise direction asicwed in Fig. 2 to move hook I5 rearwardly, to the right Fig. 2, out ofregister with the operating pin H36. The latter will therefore haveanidle down motion and the magazine will remain in its normal position. Atthis time switch H8 is also changed to the dotted line position shown inFig. 5, thereby enabling feeler F2 to indicate exhaustion of Weft. 7

During the second four-pick sequence the gang will shift in an order thereverse of its shiftings for the first four-pick sequence, that is, thegang RG will be up in positions V, VI and VIII, and will be down inposition VII to enable shuttle $52 to be picked into box cell I5.

Since shuttle S2 is assumed to be depleted of \veit ieeler F2 willindicate weft exhaustion on the sixth pick, position VI, and thereplenishing operation which follows will be similar to that describedfor shuttle SI. A second high roll III will effect closure of switch II4 to close the solenoid circuit as already described for shuttle SI.During this second four-pick sequence shuttle SI is in detectingposition with respect to feeler FI on the fifth pick, but it cannotindicate because switch II8 has moved away from contact III. The secondfour-pick sequence ends with replenishment of shuttle S2 in positionVIII, and a second eight-pick cycle starts.

It will be noted that indication in the first fourpick sequence isinitiated on an odd numbered pick of the eight-pick cycle, that is, thefirst pick, and replenishment is completed on another odd pick assuggested by bobbin BI in position III, but during the second four-picksequence indication of weft exhaustion occurs on an even numbered pick,that is, the sixth pick and replenishment is completed on another evennumbered pick as suggested by bobbin B2 in position VIII. Theseoperations can occur on odd and even numbered picks of the cycle becauseof the fact that the head mechanism K operates on one-pick time.

The head mechanism. K usually operates with a lock knife I57, Fig. 1,which is in locking position with respect to the vibrator levers frombottom center to top center, and then moves out to non-locking position,or to the right as viewed in Fig. 1, from top center through back centerto bottom center to allow the vibrator levers to move vertically ifcalled upon to do so by the pattern chain 28. In order that energizationof the solenoid I35 may be delayed. until after the lock knife has movedto its unlocking position the lever III) has a shoe I68 for engagingwith the indicators in verticalcolumn SL shown in Fig. 6. This shoe issomewhat on center with respect to the axis of the cylinder 28,, seeFig. 9, to delay closure of switch I It until the lock knife moves tounlocked t the initiating coil I20.

position to permit vibrator lever 95 to risefreely to its high positionupon energization of the solenoid. Shoe It!) will hold lever III) up andswitch I I l-closed to keep solenoid I30 energized until bottom center,at which time the lock knife locks lever 95 up and its motion to movepin I06 is started by thetop gear cylinder 25.

In the first modified form of the invention the greater part or" thestructure already described is used, but there will be only one feelerF3 which will be in the position of feeler Fl of the preferred form-Also, since but oneweft detector will. be

used it will be necessary to alter the order of shiftings of gang LG. Aseen in- Fig. 10, gang LG will not shift every pick of the loom'as in thepreferred form, but will be down for onepick only during the firstfour-pick sequence and will be up for one pick only during the secondfourpick sequence. I This order of shifting allows both of the shuttlesSI and S2, which may be the same aswith the preferred form, to bedetected by the single feeler F3, and is controlledby high and lowchain. indicators I61 andlGZ, respectively, in column HS of chain CI,see Fig. 12.

Since there is only one feeler in the first modified form of theinvention the switch I I8 will be omitted and the right side orelectrode of feeler F3 as shown in Fig. 11 will be connected directlyOtherwise the circuit ofl-the modified form will be the same as thatused for the preferred form, and the indications of weft exhaustion andthe replenishments will be the same as in the preferred form.

In both Figures 6 and 12 the dotted large circles I63 shown forpositions III and VIIIsuggest the raised position of vibrator lever 95due to energization of the solenoid. There are no high rolls in columnMS in either Fig. 6. or Fig. 12 so that vibrator lever 95-: will alwaysbe normally down except when raised bythe' solenoid. In

Figs. 4 and 10 the order of shifting of the gang 'secondfour-picksequence, as in the preferred form. v i

:In the foregoing description it has been assumed that the fabric beingwoven is pick andpick throughout, but certain features of the inventionare not limited to the weaving of such a fabric. It may be desirable,for instance, to havebands of pick and pick fabric alternate with bandsformed by a plurality of picks of the same kind of weft, in which casethere will be interruptions in the pick and pick cycle such as shown inFig. 13, which sets forth the second modification of the invention.

Fig. l3shows a sequence of twelve picks eight of which are similar tothe picks represented in Fig. 6, and four of which represent twointerruptions of two successive similar picks each. The weaving of pickand pick can beinterrupted either immediately after a transfer has beencompleted, in which event it will not interfere witha normalreplenishing operation, or it can occur'between indication of weftexhaustion and the ensuing transfer. This second modification operateswith shuttles S5 and S6 corresponding to shuttles SI and S2,respectively, of the preferred form of the invention, and will employtwo feelers similar to feelers FI and F2. Inter- S6 is kept in action byhigh and low indicators the same as for pick III", This will result inthe laying of three picks from shuttle S6, the first of which, however,should be considered as part of the preceding pick and pick weaving.

Pick VI corresponds to pick IV of Fig. 6,and similarly picks VII" andVIII correspond to picks V and VI of Fig. 6. On the eighth pick shuttleS6 will indicate weft exhaustion while shuttle S5 is active, but therewill be a second interruption on the next two picks IX" and X" duringwhich shuttle S5 remains active. The chain C2 will have the sameindications for these last two picks as for pick VIII", that is, therewill be low rolls II2 for these picks to prevent closure of switch H4.Pick and pick weaving is then resumed on pick XI" andreplenishment ofshuttle S6 will occur on pick XI due to a high roll III.

Although each of the interruptions has been described as involving onlytwo picks, a greater number of picks could be woven for eachinterruption, and closure of the holding circuit will i be delayedduring any interruption occurringbetween indication of weft exhaustionand the transfer called thereby.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided means by whicheach of two shuttles carrying distinctive weft running pick and'pick canbe replenished by bobbins drawn froma single magazine located at one endof the loom. A holding contact or switch is closed upon indication ofweft exhaustion by the weft detecting mechanism, but the holding circuitfor the solenoid is not closed by pattern chain controlled switch I I4until the next pick, whereupon the indication is completed. It isbecause of this manner of closing switch II I that a lapse of at leasttwo picks can occur between indication of weft exhaustion by the weftdetecting mechanism and bobbin transfer. Bobbins are transferred whenthe lay is on back center position and top cell I I6 of gang RG is up intransfer position and at rest relativelyto the lay. Furthermore, theselector lever 16 is rocked under control of the pattern chainindependently of the shiftings of the gang LG Or the chain indicatorscontrolling it. When two feelers are used switch II 8 is in one positionin the first four-pick sequence to enable only one of the feelers toindicate weft exhaustion and is in another position during the secondfour-pick sequence to enable the other feeler only to indicate. In allforms of the invention the gang RG shifts in such order that each of thetwo shuttles can enter the top cell I6 and be moved to high or transferposition relatively to the magazine. The releasing coil I2! is energizedpreferably on the return stroke of lever arm II". In the secondmodification the detecting and transferring operations occur the same asin the eight-pick cycles, except that 11 when an interruption occurs tolay successive similarpicks bobbin transfer may be delayed. The factthat the head mechanism K operates on one pick enables detection of weftand transfer to occur on either even or odd numbered picks of the loomcycle. Each vibrator lever, gear and connector may be consideredcollectively as a vibrator lever means.

Another application, Serial No. 16,065, filed March 20, 1948, shows someof the structure set forth herein, but that application is directed to.a shuttle changing loom, whereas the present application relates to abobbin changin loom.

Having thus described my invention it will be seen that changes andmodifications may be made therein by those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention and I do not wishto be limited to the details herein disclosed, but what I claim'is:

1. In a bobbin changing loom having two shuttles running pick and pick,a magazine at one end of the loom having two groups of reserve bobbinscorresponding to the shuttles and being normally in one positioncorresponding to one of said shuttles to locate the lowest bobbin in onegroup for transfer but movable to another position corresponding to theother shuttle to locate the lowest bobbin in the other group fortransfer, shuttle boxes at the other end of the loom shifting to moveeach shuttle one at a time to inactive position for one pick, weftdetecting mechanism at said other end of the loom to detect each shuttleat a time when the latter is in inactive position, an actuator for movinthe magazine, a selector operatively connected to the magazine formoving the latter from said one position to said other position thereof,said selector being normally in one position in register with theactuator corresponding to said one shuttle and movable out of registerwith the actuator to another position corresponding to the'othershuttle, pattern chain controlled vibrator lever means effective duringthe second pick after either shuttle when inactive is detected by theweft detecting mechanism to locate the selector in the position thereofcorresponding to the detected shuttle, and other vibrator lever meanseffective on said second pick, provided indication of weft exhaustionwas given by said detecting mechanism when detecting said inactiveshuttle,

to operate said actuator and cause the latter to move said selector ifthe latter is in reigster with the actuator to move the magazine to saidother position thereof.

2. In a bobbin changing loom having two shuttles running pick and pick,a magazine at one end of the loom having two groups of reserve bobbinscorresponding to the shuttles, said magazine being rockable to one orthe other of two positions to place the lowest bobbin in either group intransfer position, shuttle boxes at the other end of the loom shiftingto move each shuttle one at a time'to inactive position for one pick,weft detecting mechanism at said other end of the loom to detect theweft of either shuttle at a time when the latter is inactive, anactuator for moving the magazine, a selector operatively connected tothe magazine, pattern chain controlled vibrator lever means efiective onthe second pick following detection of one of said shuttles to cause theselector to register with the actuator and effective on the second pickfollowing detection of the other shuttle to move the selector out ofregister with the actuator, and

other vibrator lever means causing said actuator 12 to move on thesecond pick followingdetection of either shuttle, provided the latterhas caused the weft detecting mechanism to indicate weft exhaustion, tomove the selector to rock the magazine, provided the selector is inregister with said actuator.

3. In a bobbin changing loom operating in an eight pick cycle comprisingtwo successive four pick sequencies, the loom having two shuttles withdifferent weft running pick and pick and having shifting shuttle boxesat each end thereof, a movable magazine at one end of the loom havingtwo groups of reserve bobbins, one group for each shuttle, said magazinebeing normally in one position to place the lowest bobbin in one of saidgroups in transfer position but movable to another position to place thelowest bobbin in the other group in transfer position, pattern mechanismincluding four vibrator lever means one of which effects shiftin of theshuttle boxes at said other end of the loom to move each shuttle toinactive position twice during the eight pick cycle, weft detectingmeans effective to indicate weft exhaustion in one shuttle only duringthe first four pick sequence when said one shuttle is inactive andeffective to indicate weft exhaustion in theother shuttle only duringthe second four pick sequence when said other shuttle is inactive, thesecond vibrator lever means effective to raise the shuttle boxes at saidone end of the loom on the second pick following detection of weft bysaid detecting mechanism in either four pick sequence, an actuator tomove the magazine, a selector for operation by said actuator operativelyconnected to the magazine and normally in one position in register withthe actuator Y but movable to another position out of register with theactuator, means maintaining the selector in said one position thereofduring the second pick following detection of weft in the first fourpick sequence and the third vibrator lever means placing the selector inthe other position thereof during the second pick following detection ofweftin the second four pick sequence, and the fourth vibrator levermeans operating said actuator on the, second pick following detection ofweft in either four pick sequence, provided the weft detector indicatesweft exhaustion, to move said selector if the latter is in register withthe actuator to cause the magazine to move to said other positionthereof.

4. In a bobbin changing loom operating in an eight pick cycle comprisingtwo successive four pick sequences, the loom having two shuttles withdifferent wefts running pick and pick and having shifting shuttle boxesat each end thereof, a movable magazine at one end of the loom havingtwo groups of reserve bobbins, one group for each shuttle, said magazinebeing normally in one position to place the lowest bobbin in one of saidgroups in transfer position but movable to another position to place thelowest bobbin in the other group in transfer position, weft detectingmechanism at the other end'of the m effective to indicate weftexhaustion in one shuttle only during the first sequence and effectiveto indicate weft exhaustion in the other shuttle only during the secondsequence, pattern mechanism including three vibrator lever means one ofwhich effects movement of the shuttle boxes at said one side of the loomto move the top, shuttle box thereof to transfer position relatively tothe magazine on the second pick followin detection of weft in eithersequence, actuator mechanism to move the magazine, a selectoroperatively' connected tov the magazine, the second: vibrator levermeans causing the, selector to be. out of register with the, actuatormeans in one ofsaid sequences; and in a position corresponding to saidone position of the magazine and in another position in register withthe actuator mechanism in the other sequence and corresponding to the,other: position of the magazine, and means. including the third vibratorlever means; causing; operation of said actuator mechanism on the,second pick following indication of weft exhaustion, provided the weftdetecting mechanism indicates weft exhaustion, to move the selector ifthe latteris in said other position thereof to move the magazine totheother position thereof.

5. In a bobbin changing loom operating in an eight pick cycle.comprising two successive four pick sequences, the loom having twoshuttles running pick and pick, the first shuttle having weft differingfrom the weft of the second shuttle, the loom having shifting shuttleboxes at each end thereof; a movable magazine at one end of the. loomhaving two groups of reserve bobbins, one group for the first shuttleand the other group for the second shuttle, said magazine being normallyin one position to place the lowest bobbin in one group in transferposition but" movable to another position to place the lowest bobbin inanother group in transfer posi-. tion, weft detecting mechanism at theother end of the 100m effective to detect weft on the first and sixthpicks only of said cycle in the first and second shuttles, respectively,actuator mechanism to move the magazine to said other posi tion thereof,selector mechanism operatively connected' to the magazine and movableinto and out or register with the actuator mechanism, means causing theselector to be inregister with the actuator mechanism on the third pickof the cycle and out of register with the actuator mechanism on theeighth pick of the cycle, and means causing operation of the actuatormechanism on the third pick of the cycle if the first shuttle indicatesweft exhaustion and on the eighth pick of the cycle if the secondshuttle indicates weft exhaustion, the actuator mechanism and selectorcooperating to move the magazine to said other position thereof if theselector is in register with the actuator mechanism.

6,. In a, bobbin changing loom operating in an eight pick cyclecomprising two successive, four pick sequences, the loom having twoshuttles with differentwefts running pick and pick and having shiftingshuttle boxes at each end there of, a movable magazine at one end of theloom having two groups of reserve bobbinsone group foreach shuttle, saidmagazine being normally in one; position to place, the lowest bobbin inone of said groups in transfer position but: movable to another positionto place the lowest bobbin in the other group in transfer position, Weftdetecting mechanism effective to indicate weft exhaustion in the firstshuttle on the first pick only of the cycle and effective to indicateweft exhaustion in the second shuttle on the sixth pick only of thecycle, provided the shuttles are depleted' of weft, and means effectingreplenishment of the first shuttle by a bobbin drawn from oneof saidgroups on the third pick of the cycle if said first shuttle indicatesweft exhaustion on the first pick of the cycle and effectingreplenishment of the second shuttle by a bobbin drawn from the othergroup on the eighth pick of the 14 cycle if said second shuttleindicates weft exhaustion on the sixthpick of saidcycle.

7. In a bobbin, changing loom operating in an eight pick cycle andhaving two. shuttles with different wefts; running pick and pick, amovable magazine at one end of the loom having two groups of reservebobbins, one group for each shuttle, weft detecting mechanism at theother end of theloom effective to indicate weft exhaustion in the firstshuttle if the latter is depleted of weft on the first pick only of thecycle and: indicate weft exhaustion in the second shuttle if the latteris depleted of weft on the sixth pick only of the cycle, and meanseffecting replenishment of either shuttle by a bobbin drawn from thecorresponding group two picks later insaid cycle than the pick on whichthe detecting mechanism indicates weft exhaustion of a depleted shuttle.

8. In a bobbin changing loom operatin in an eight pick cycle comprisingtwo successive four pick sequences, the loom having two shuttles withdifferent wefts running pick and pick, a magazine at one end of the loomhaving two groups of reserve bobbins, one group for each shuttle, andmeans effective on an odd numbered pick of one of said sequences if oneof said shuttles is depleted of weft to effect replenishment of said oneshuttle by a bobbin drawn from one of said groups and effective on aneven numbered pick of the other sequence if the other shuttle isdepleted of weft to effect replenishment of said other shuttle by abobbin drawn from the other group.

9-; In a bobbin changing loom having two shuttles running pick and pickand operating on a cycle'of eight picks each of which starts when thelay is on top center, said eight pick cycle comprising two successivefour pick sequences, a magazine having a group of bobbins for eachshuttle, a transfer latch normally in non-transfer position, electricweft detecting means effective on an even numbered pick of one of saidsequences to give indication of weft exhaustion if one of said shuttlesis depleted of weft and effective on, an odd numbered pick of theothersequence to give indication of weft exhaustion if the other shuttle isdepleted of weft, a holding contact closed when the detector means givesindication of Weft exhaustion and remaining closed after saidindication, a second contact normally open, pattern chain mechanismeffective to close said second contact before the lay reaches bottomcenter on the pick following indication of weft exhaustion by saiddetector means in either sequence, a solenoid, electric circuit meanseffecting energization of said solenoid when both contacts are closed,and vibrator lever means operating on one pick time caused by thesolenoid when the latter is energized to move said latch to transferposition on the second pick following indication of weft exhaustion ineither sequence.

10. In a bobbin changing loom having two shuttles running pick andpickand operating in. a cycle of eight picks each of which starts when thelay is on top center, said eight pick cycle comprising two successivefour pick sequences, a magazine having two groups of reserve bobbins,one group for each shuttle, a transfer latch normally in non-transferposition, a positioning member for the latch normally in non-transferposition, vibrator lever means normally in down position but effectivewhen raised to move said positioning member and cause the latter to movethe latch to transfer position, electric weft detector means effectiveon an even numbered pick in one of said sequences to detect and giveindication of weft exhaustion if one of said shuttles is depleted ofweft and effective on an odd numbered pick in the other sequence todetect and give indication of weft exhaustion if the other shuttle isdepleted of weft, a holding contact closed when the detector givesindication of weft'exhaustion in either of said sequences and remainingclosed after said indication, a second normally open contact, patternchain mechanism effecting closure of saidwsecond contact before the layreaches bottom center on the pick following detection of weft exhaustionin either sequence, a solenoid effective when energized to move saidvibrator lever means to the raised position there of, and electriccircuit means including said contacts in series and said solenoideffective to energize the latter when said contacts are both closed.

11. In a weft replenishing loom operating with two shuttles running pickand pick, one shuttle being inactive on even numbered picks of the loomand the other shuttle being inactive on odd numbered picks of the loom,weft detecting means to detect the weft of said one shuttle on pickswhich are, even numbered and detect the weft of the other shuttle onpicks which are odd numbered, a magazine at one end of the loom havingtwo groups of reserve bobbins, and means causing replenishment of saidone shuttle by a reserve bobbin from one of said groups on the next evennumbered pick after indication of weft exhaustion of said one shuttleand causing replenishment of said other shuttle by a reserve bobbin fromthe other of said groups on the next odd numbered pick after indicationof weft exhaustion of said other shuttle.

12. In a weft replenishing loom operating with two shuttles running pickand pick, one shuttle being inactive on even numbered picks of the loomand the other shuttle being inactive on odd numbered picks of the loom,weft detecting means to detect the weft of said one shuttle on pickswhich are even numbered and detect the Weft of the other shuttle onpicks which are odd numbered, a magazine at one end of the loom havingtwo groups of reserve bobbins, and means causing replenishment of saidone shuttle by a reserve bobbin from one of said groups on an evennumbered pick occurring after in dication of weft exhaustion of said oneshuttle and causing replenishment of said other shuttle by a reservebobbin from the other of 'said groups on an odd numbered pick occurringafter indication of weft exhaustion of said other shuttle.

13. In a weft replenishing loom having two shuttles running pick andpick and operating on a cycle of eight picks each of which starts whenthe lay is on top center, a magazine at one end of the loom having twogroups of reserve bobbins for replenishment of the shuttles, one groupfor each shuttle, a transfer latch for the magazine normally innon-transfer position but movable to transfer position preparatory toreplenishment of either shuttle, electric weft detector means for theshuttles giving indication of weft exhaustion ond electric contactnormally open, pattern chain mechanism effecting closure of said secondcontact before the lay reaches bottom center on the next following thepick on which indication of weft exhaustion is given, a solenoid,electric circuit means including said contacts and solenoid in seriesenergizing the latter when both contacts are closed, and vibrator levermeans effective incident to energization of said solenoid to move saidlatch to the transfer position thereof.

i l. In a weft replenishing loom having two shuttles running pick andpick and operating on a cycle of eight picks each of which starts whenthe lay is on top center, a magazine at one end of the loom having twogroups of reserve bobbins for replenishment of the shuttles, onegroup'for each shuttle, a transfer latch for the magazine normally innon-transfer position but movable to transfer position preparatory toreplenishment of either shuttle, a control member for the latch normallyin non-transfer position but movable to transfer position to place thelatch in transfer position, vibrator lever means normally in downposition but operative when in raised position to effect movement of thecontrol membercand latch to their respective transfer positions, thecontrol member subsequently returning from transfer position to thenon-transfer position thereof, electric weft detector means capable ofindicating weft exhaustion in one shuttle on the first pick and in theother shuttle on the sixth pick of said cycle, an electric holdingcontact closed when the detector means indicates weft exhaustion ineither shuttle and remaining closed after said in dication, a secondnormally open electric contact, pattern chain mechanism effectingclosure of said second contact before the lay reaches the bottom centerposition thereof on thenext pick after indication by the detector means,a solenoid effective when energized to move said vibrator lever means totheraised position thereof, electric circuit means including saidcontacts and solenoid in series and effective to energize the solenoidwhen both contacts are closed, and means causing opening of said holdingcontact'incident to movement of the control member to and from thetransfer position thereof.

15. In a weft replenishing loom having two shuttles running pick andpick and operating on a cycle of eight picks each of which starts whenthe lay is on top center, a magazine at one end of the loom having twogroups of reserve bobbins for replenishment of the shuttles, one groupfor each shuttle, a transfer latch for the magazine normally in nontransfer position but movable to transfer position preparatory toreplenishment of either shuttle, a control member for the latch normallyin non-transfer position but movable to transfer position to place thelatch in transfer position, vibrator lever means normally in downposition but operative when in raised position to eifect movement of thecontrol member and latch tov their respective transfer positions, thecontrol member subsequently returning from transfer position to thenon-transfer position thereof, elec tric weft detector means capable ofindicating weft exhaustion in one shuttle on the first pick and in theother shuttle on the sixth pick of said cycle, an electric holdingcontact closed when the detector indicates weft exhaustion in eithershuttle and remaining closed after said indication, a second normallyopen electric contact, pattern chain mechanism effecting closure of saidsecond contact before the lay reaches the bottom center position thereofon the next pick after indication vibrator lever means to the raisedposition thereof, electric circuit means including said contacts andsolenoid in series effective to energize the solenoid when both contactsare closed, and means controlled by said control member when the latterreturns from the transfer position to the non-transfer position thereofto effect opening of said holding contact.

16. In a weft replenishing loom having two shuttles running pick andpick and operating on a cycle of eight picks each of which starts whenthe lay is on top center, a magazine at one end of the loom having twogroups of reserve bobbins for replenishment of the shuttles, one groupfor each shuttle, electric Weft detector means capable of givingindication of exhaustion of weft in one shuttle on the first pick and inthe other shuttle on the sixth pick of said cycle, an electric holdingcontact closed when the detector gives indication of weft exhaustion andremaining closed after said indication, a second electric contactnormally open, pattern chain mechanism closing said second contactbefore the lay reaches the bottom center position thereof on the nextpick following any pick on which said weft detector means can indicateweft exhaustion, a solenoid normally deenergized, operating means havingan operating movement each pick of the loom, electric circuit meansincluding said contacts and solenoid in series effective to energize thesolenoid when both contacts are closed, weft replenishing mechanismincluding a part movable from the normal position thereof to transferposition preparatory to replenishment of weft in either shuttle by thereplenishing mechanism, and means controlled by said solenoid causingthe operating means to move said part of the replenishing mechanism totransfer position incident to energization of said solenoid.

17. In a weft replenishing loom having two shuttles running pick andpick and operating on a cycle of eight picks each of which starts whenthe lay is on top center, the loom having a magazine at one end thereofprovided with two groups of reserve bobbins for replenishment of theshuttles, one group for each shuttle, a transfer latch for the magazinenormally in non-transfer position but movable to transfer positionpreparatory to replenishment of either shuttle, an operating member forthe latch, vibrator lever means effective when down to cause theoperating member to be in the normal non-transfer position thereof buteffective when raised to cause the operating member to move to theoperating position thereof to move the latch to transfer position,electric weft detecting means capable of indicating weft exhaustion inone shuttle on the first pick and in the other shuttle on the sixth pickof said cycle, an electric holding contact closed upon indication ofweft exhaustion by said detector means on either the first or sixth pickof said cycle and remaining closed subsequent to said indication, asecond electric contact normally open, pattern chain mechanism closingthe second contact prior to bottom center position of the lay on thepick next following a pick on which indication is given and effectingopening of said second contact on the second pick after said indication,a solenoid effective when energized to raise said vibrator lever means,an electric circuit means including said contacts and solenoid in seriesenergizing the solenoid upon closure of the second contact subsequent toclosure of the holding contact, opening of said second contact on saidsecond pick effecting deenergization of the solenoid, whereupon thevibrator lever means moves to normal position and said operating memberreturns from the operating position to the nontransfer position thereof,and means effective to open said holding contact incident to said returnmovement of the operating member to the nontransfer position thereof.

18. In a weft replenishing loom having two shuttles running pick andpick and operating on a cycle of eight picks each of which starts whenthe lay is on top center, one shuttle being inactive on the first pickand the other shuttle being inactive on the sixth pick of said cycle,the loom having a magazine provided with two groups of reserve bobbinsfor replenishment of the shuttles, electric weft detecting means capableof indicating weft exhaustion in said one shuttle on the first pick andin said other shuttle on the sixth pick of said cycle, an electricholding contact closing when either shuttle is inactive in the event ofindication of weft exhaustion by the detector means and remaining closedsubsequent to said indication, a second electric contact normally openbut closing on the pick-next following any pick on which indication ofweft exhaustion occurs, and control means for the magazine causing thelatter to effect replenishment of either shuttle on the next picksubsequent to indication of weft exhaustion in the shuttle when thelatter is inactive by a corresponding bobbin drawn from the magazineincident to closure of the second contact if the first contact isclosed.

19. In a weft replenishing loom having two shuttles running pick andpick and operating on a cycle of eight picks each of which starts whenthe lay is on top center, one shuttle being inactive on certain picks ofthe cycle including the first and third picks and the other shuttlebeing inactive on certain picks of the cycle including the sixth andeighth picks, the loom having a magazine provided with two groups ofreserve bobbins for replenishment of the shuttles, one group for eachshuttle, an electricholding contact capable of closing on either thefirst or sixth pick of said cycle when said one or said other shuttle isinactive in the event of indication of weft exhaustion in the shuttleand remaining closed during the next pick of the loom, a second electriccontact normally open but closing before the lay reaches bottom centeron the second and seventh picks of said cycle, and control means for themagazine causing the latter to effect replenishment of said one shuttleonthethird pick and of said other shuttle on the eighth pick of thecycle, provided indication of weft exhaustion has been given by theshuttles, by bobbins drawn from the corresponding groups of bobbins inthe magazine incident to closure of the second contact if the firstcontact is closed.

RICHARD G. TURNER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record file of thispatent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date McPeak June 6, 1905 Reynolds Feb. 3,1916 Turner Mar. 27, 1928 Payne May 29, 1945 Dion et al Aug. Ill, 1948in the

